高拱坝坝踵应力实测和计算结果差异原因分析.PDFVIP

  高拱坝坝踵应力实测与计算结果差异原因分析 张国新 周秋景 （中国水利水电科学研究院，北京 100038 ） 摘要：坝踵应力是关系到混凝土坝是否开裂和安全的一个重要指标，不管是用结构力学法还是有限 元法都能计算出坝踵有一定的拉应力，但实际监测值很少出现拉应力，主要原因应在于：1）坝踵位 置的定义不同；2 ）目前的监测仪器和方法有局限性；3 ）计算过程中的不当简化。本文从定性和定 量两个方面分析造成计算结果和实测结果差异的原因，以小湾特高拱坝为例分析影响计算精度的各 项主要因素，在此基础上提出坝踵真实应力状态计算的仿真分析方法。改进后的仿真分析结果与监 测结果规律吻合良好，应力值接近，说明该方法能够给出合理的坝踵应力变化规律和比较精确的应 力范围。最后，给出了坝踵应力监测仪器和方法的改进建议。 关键词：高拱坝；坝踵应力；数值模拟方法；监测方法 Analysis of difference reason between monitoring and calculating dam heel stress of high arch dam Abstract: The stress value of a dam heel is a key indicator that is closely related to concrete cracks and dam safety. Tension stress is generally got in a dam heel by structure mechanics methods or finite element methods, while seldom be monitored with instruments. The reason may lie in the following three aspects: different dam heel definition between simulation and monitor, limitation of monitoring methods and instruments, improper simplification in simulation analysis. The reason for the difference between simulation and monitoring results is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Main factors affecting simulation accuracy are studied with Xiaowan arch dam as an example, and an improved simulation method is proposed to give more real and accurate dam heel stress. The simulation results got with the improved simulation method are in good agreement with the monitoring results of Xiaowan arch dam. Therefore, reasonable stress variation and accurate stress range can be obtained with the improved simulation method. Finally, some suggestions for improvement of monitoring instruments and methods are given. Key words: high arch dam, dam heel stress, simulation method, monitoring method 0 前言