食品酶学总复习2013.pptVIP

食品酶学总复习;一、单项选择题（中英文出题10×2=20）;1、Characteristics of enzyme Enzymes have extraordinary catalytic power, often far greater than those non-biological catalysts. Enzymes often have a high degree of specificity for their substrates. Enzymes are often regulated. Enzymes usually work under very mild conditions of temperature and pH. ; 2、Specificity In general, there are four distinct types of specificity: A- Absolute specificity - the enzyme will catalyze only one reaction. B- Group specificity - the enzyme will act only on molecules that have specific functional groups, such as amino, phosphate and methyl groups. C- Linkage specificity - the enzyme will act on a particular type of chemical bond regardless of the rest of the molecular structure. D- Stereochemical specificity - the enzyme will act on a particular steric or optical isomer (旋光异构体). ;3、Enzymes are classified into six major groups defined by the reaction that they catalyze. ;-Each enzyme has a unique four-digit classification number according to the classification criterion of enzyme brought forward by International Enzyme Commission (EC). Samples： Urease E.C. 3.5.1.5 Hexokinase E.C. 2.7.1.1 己糖激酶 ; ① Km value is equal to the [S] at ? of Vmax, its unit is mol/L. ② Significances: a) Km is one of characteristic constants of an enzyme； b) Km can be used to represent the affinity of enzyme to its substrate; the larger, the less affinity c) There are different Km values for an enzyme to different substrates;7、Enzyme Inhibition (Mechanism);Km;? Making RNA from a DNA template to transfer information from the genome ? Ingredients rNTPs（ribonucleotides, substrate） DNA template RNA polymerase;The synthesis of protein from mRNA template. What is necessary? Template - mRNA Ribosomes tRNAs (Linked to amino acids) Many accessory proteins Some energy ; 10、沉淀分离方法; 层析方法; 11、Advantages and disadvantages of immobilized enzymes;Characteristic;13、有机溶剂的选择 有机剂的极性要选择恰当： 极性过强,夺取较多酶表面水分子,使疏水性底物