复件 metaphor.ppt

课件教案共享专家 /wear1981 大学英语 Definition Simile and metaphor speak of one thing in terms of another through imagination, which has 3 components(成分): the tenor (本体)， the vehicle（喻体）, indicators of resemblance(连接词)。两条件：similarity(相似点), dissimilarity（相异点） Example 1: The growing savings and loan scandal is a time bomb for President Bush that might not go off this year but could cause him serious political troubles by 1992. (metaphor) tenor: vehicle: indicators of resemblance: similarity dissimilarity (social event … weapon) Definition Simile and metaphor speak of one thing in terms of another through imagination, which has 3 components(成分): the tenor (本体)， the vehicle（喻体）, indicators of resemblance(连接词)。两条件：similarity(相似点), dissimilarity（相异点） Example 2: 其形也，翩若惊鸿，宛若游龙。……远而望之，皎若太阳升朝霞；迫而察之，灼若芙蓉出绿波。(曹植，《洛神赋》) (simile) tenor: vehicle: indicators of resemblance: similarity dissimilarity Metaphor 的另一个重要形式： No be. no indicators of resemblance(连接词). 这种metaphor 往往喻体不完全出现或本体不直接出现。但本体和喻体的关系比出现be还要密切。简洁紧凑，更常见，更睿智。 In foreign policy, flying solo can be risky business. 在外交政策上，独断独行，风险很大。 主体未出现（总统、国务卿等） Laws (are like cobwebs, they) catch flies but let wasps go free. Flies借以喻小坏人，小罪犯，wasps大坏蛋，大罪犯，都是喻体，但包含着未言明的本体。 概括：Metaphor 的语义结构metaphor 通常由本体（tenor)/ 喻体（vehicle）组成,有时还会有相同点(ground)。它们的出现与否与出现位置会影响metaphor的语义效果。 1. 本体和喻体同现 a. If the father land is sound, my personal troubles are only a flea bite. 只要祖国安然无恙，我个人的烦恼只不过是跳蚤咬的一口。 tenor, vehicle? Metaphor 的语义结构： 2. 本体隐含 无花无酒过清明, 兴味萧然似野僧。 闲静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风。 Laws (are like cobwebs, they) catch flies but let wasps go free. Metaphor 的语义结构： 3. 喻体隐含 （隐晦，代表新研究方向：认知） Her son had been damaged in a crash. 喻体：an object Human being is an object. He is deep in love/thought. 喻体: a container Love is a container. States can be containers. The ship is coming into view./He’s out of sight now. Visual field （视野）is a container. Metaphor 的语