Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy英文文献.pdfVIP

New substrates and single- molecule detection are just two of the advances that are fueling interest in SERS. 3 3 8 A A N A LY T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y / S E P T E M B E R 1 , 2 0 0 5 © 2 0 0 5 A M E R I C A N C H E M I C A L S O C I E T Y RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Christy L. Haynes Adam D. McFarland Richard P. Van Duyne NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY mekal theoretically predicted inelastic light scattering in 1923 (1). Raman and Krishnan first experimentally observed the phenomenon and reported in their 1928 Nature paper that the inelastic scattering effect was characterized by “its feebleness in comparison with the ordinary scattering” (2). This “feeble” phenomenon is now known as Raman scattering. The change in wavelength that is observed when a photon undergoes Raman scattering is attributed to the excitation (or relaxation) of vibrational modes of a mole- cule. Because different functional groups have different characteristic vibrational energies, every molecule has a unique Raman spectrum. In accordance with the Raman selection rule, the mo- lecular polarizability changes as t