Monoacylglycerols The Workhorse Lipids for Crystallizing Membrane Proteins in Mesophases英文文献.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 4 Monoacylglycerols: The Workhorse Lipids for Crystallizing Membrane Proteins in Mesophases M. CaVrey,* J. Lyons,* T. Smyth,* and D. J. Hart{ *Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland { Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 I. Overview II. Introduction III. In Meso Crystallogenesis in Molecular Detail IV. Mesophase Behavior: From Lamellar to Cubic and Sponge Phases A. Phase Diagram B. Molecular Shape C. Sponge Phase D. Detergents and Their EVects on Mesophase Properties V. A Central Role for Lipid A. Host Lipid B. Lipids as Additives VI. Lipid Synthesis and Purification A. Synthesis B. Lipid Purity and Quality Control C. Time Commitment VII. Conclusions References I. OVERVIEW The in meso method for crystallizing membrane proteins has been shown to work with an array of diVerent protein types. The method involves reconstituting the target protein into the bilayer of a bicontinuous lipid mesophase followed by an induced phase separation brought on by the Current Topics in Membranes, Volume 63 1063-5823/09 $35.00 Copyright 2009, Elsevier Inc. All right reserved. DOI: 10.1016/S1063-5823(09)63004-0 84 CaVrey et al. addition of a precipitant. A mechanism has been proposed for how in meso crystallogenesis happens at the molecular level and the assorted and critical roles that hosting and additive lipids play, highlights the need for a wider palette of molecular species to choose from. In support of this, a monoacyl- glycerol synthesis and purification program has been implemented, the details of which are outlined in this chapter. II. INTRODUCTION It is over a d