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STATISTICS IN MEDICINE, VOL. 12, 1845-1852 (1993)
APPROXIMATIONS FOR THE TAIL PROBABILITIES
AND MOMENTS OF THE SCAN STATISTIC
JOSEPH GLAZ
Department of Statisiics, University of Connecticut. Siorrs. Connecticut 06269-3120, U.S.A.
SUMMARY
The scan statistic is used to test the hypothesis that the observed events occur at random (uniformly
distributed) in time or space versus the hypothesis that they cluster within a moving window of size w. To
implement the testing procedure based on the scan statistic its tail probabilities have to be effectively
evaluated.In this article a survey of results on the approximations of the distribution of the scan statistic and
its moments is presented. Numerical results comparing these approximations are also given. Numerous
references with applications in epidemiologicalstudies using the scan statistics are mentioned. Related scan
statisticsthat have been used in many other interesting applications are listed in the reference section. The
article concludes with the presentation of unsolved problems related to the scan statistic.
1 . INTRODUCTION
Suppose that N events occur in the interval (0, TI, where the units here are measuring time or
distance. It is assumed that the observed events are distributed independently and identically
from a continuous distribution on the interval (0, T] and that N is fixed and known. We are
interested in testing the null hypothesis that the events occur at random in (0, T ] (uniform
distribution) against the alternative hypothesis that the events cluster in the interval (0,TI. - 4 In
what follows, without loss of generality, we assume that T = 1
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