coa课件第十八章.pptVIP

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture6th Edition Chapter 18 Parallel Processing 并行处理 §18.1 Multiple Processor Organization Types of Parallel Processor System: —Single Instruction, Single Data stream (SISD) 单指令单数据流 —Single Instruction, Multiple Data stream (SIMD)单指令多数据流 —Multiple Instruction, Single Data stream (MISD)多指令单数据流 —Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data stream (MIMD)多指令多数据流 Taxonomy of Parallel Processor Architectures 并行处理器体系结构分类 Single Instruction, Single Data Stream – SIS 单指令单数据流 Single processor 仅有一个CPU Single instruction stream Data stored in single memory Uni-processor 单处理器 Single Instruction, Multiple Data Stream - SIMD单指令多数据流 Single machine instruction Controls simultaneous execution Number of processing elements 多处理机 Lockstep basis 步伐一致 Each processing element has associated data memory Each instruction executed on different set of data by different processors Vector and array processors SIMD—Example a0 b0 c0 a1 b1 c1 . . . . + . = . . . . an-1 bn-1 cn-1 an bn cn Parallel Organizations - SIMD Multiple Instruction, Single Data Stream - MISD多指令单数据流 Sequence of data Transmitted to set of processors Each processor executes different instruction sequence Never been implemented 执行不同指令，处理相同数据 （理论探讨，不存在） Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data Stream- MIMD多指令多数据流 Set of processors Simultaneously execute different instruction sequences Different sets of data SMPs, clusters and NUMA systems 对称 / 机群 / 非均匀存储器存储 MIMD - Overview General purpose processors Each can process all instructions necessary Further classified by method of processor communication —Shared memory (Tightly Coupled) 紧耦合 —Distributed memory(Loosely Coupled)松耦合 Tightly Coupled – SMP Processors share memory Communicat