《离散数学》杨争锋ch2-3.pptVIP

2.3 Functions Introduction What is function? Definition 1 (page 133) Let A and B be sets. A function from A to B is an assignment of exactly one element of B to each element of A. We write f(a)=b if b is the unique element of B assigned by the function f to the element a of A. If f is a function from A to B, we write f:A→B. Example (page 97) Assignment of Grades in a Discrete Mathematics Class See the blackboard (2) domain, codomain and range Definition 2 (page 98) If f is a function from A to B, we say that A is the domain (定义域) of f and B is the codomain(伴域） of f. If f(a)=b, we say that b is the image (像) of a and a is a pre-image (原像) of b. The range (值域) of f is the set of all images of elements of A. Also, if f is a function from A to B, we say f maps A to B. (3) Example 4 (page 135 ) Let f: Z→Z assign the square of an integer to this integer, i.e., f(x)=x2. What is the domain, codomain and range of function f ? Solution: (4) Definition 3 (page 135) Let f1 and f2 be functions from A to R. Then f1 +f2 and f1 f2 are also functions from A to R defined by (f1 +f2)(x) = f1 (x) + f2(x) (f1 f2)(x) = f1(x) f2(x) Example 6 (page 135) Let f1 and f2 be functions from R to R such that f1 (x)=x2 and f1 (x)=x-x2 . What are the functions f1 +f2 and f1 f2 ? Solution: See blackboard. (5) Definition 4 (page 136) Let f be a function from the set A to the set B and let S be a subset of A. The image of S is the subset of B that consists of the images of the elements of S. The notation: f(S) = { f(s) | s∈S } Example 7 (page136) A={a,b,c,d,e} B={1,2,3,4} f(a)=2, f(b)=1, f(c)=4, f(d)=1, f(e)=1 S={b,c,d} What is f(S)? Solution: See book. 2. One-to-one and Onto functions One-to-one function (or injective, 单射) Definition 5 (page 136) A function f is said to be one-to-one, if and only if f(x)=f(y) implies that x=y for all x and y in the domain of f.