专题复习-定语从句.docVIP

定语从句 AAAA. 概念:??? (1) 定语从句在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。??? (2) 先行词antecedent）：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。??? (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。??? 关系词的作用:??? 1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;??? 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)??? 常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as???常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、where??? The student who answered the question was John. ??? I know the reason why he was so angry.??? The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. ??? Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. ??? 定语从句三步:??? 第一找出先行词;??? 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语状语??? 第三选择合适的关系词。?. 关系代词:??? ●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:??? 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)??? . You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)??? . Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)???? ●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:??? 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)??? 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)??? . He was proud, which his brother never was. (表语)??? . Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.(定语)???? ●who, whom, whose:??? who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人??? whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语; 只可指人??? whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。??? I like the students who/that work hard. (主语)??? All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)??? Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.? (宾语)??? Hes a man from whom we should learn. ?????A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.(指人)??? Id like a room whose window faces south. (指物)???●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)??? ①如为限制性的,多用于the same …as ; the same as; such …as …; as many/much as; so …as等结构中。如:I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。??? ②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为正如,这一点。(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.)??? As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones hea