有机合成讲义CARBONIUM1.pptVIP

Formation of carbon-carbon bonds: acid-catalyzed reactions Carbocation: Carbonium Carbenium In most cases, carbocation and carbonium refer to the three –valence carbon cation The structure of carbonium sp2 hybridization I. Generation of carboniums II. The reactions of carbonium Electrophilic addition Electrophilic substitution 1. The self-condensation of alkenes Acid: 60%H2SO4 With dilute acid: With more concentrated acid: isooctane Chain reaction Application y-ionone a-ionone b-ionone 2. Friedel-Crafts reactions Alkylation Acylation Analogous F-C reactions b-chloroketone Thioctic acid 3.