人体生理学HumanPhysiology.PPT

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 血 液Blood Body Fluid = 60% of Body Weight (BW) Intracellular Fluid 2/3, 40% of BW Extracellular Fluid 1/3, 20% of BW Plasma 5% of BW Interstitial Fluid 15% of BW 70 kg Male, 42 L Plasma（血浆） Blood Cells Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Erythrocytes（红细胞） White Blood Cells (WBC) or Leucocytes（白细胞） Platelets (PLT) or Thrombocytes（血小板） 血液的成分 Plasma includes water, ions, proteins, nutrients, hormones, wastes, etc. The hematocrit is a rapid assessment of blood composition.It is the percent of the blood volume that is composed of RBCs (red blood cells). Hematocrit（packed cell volume, 血细胞比容） 血量 是指全身血液的总量 占体重的7-8% 休克种类的图示。 没有休克 (左), 血管扩张，分布性休克 (中), 低血容量休克，失血引起 (右) 血液的功能 运输 O2 and CO2 Nutrients (glucose, lipids, amino acids) Waste products (e.g., metabolites) Hormones 调节 pH Body temperature 保护 Blood coagulation Immunity 红细胞Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) RBC count M: 4.0~5.5×1012/L F: 3.5~5.0×1012/L Hemoglobin（血红蛋白） M: 120~160 g/L F: 110~150 g/L 功能： 运输O2和CO2 缓冲 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)（红细胞沉降率） The distance that red blood cells settle in a tube of blood in one hour Normal value [Westergren method（魏氏法，国际血液学标准化委员会推荐魏氏法为标准法）]: M: 0~15 mm/h，F: 0~20 mm/h An indication of inflammation which increases in many diseases, such as tuberculosis rheumatoid arthritis… d International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) 白细胞White blood cells (Leucocytes) WBC Count (?109/L) % Granulocytes粒细胞 Neutrophils中性粒细胞 2.0~7.0 50~70 Eosinophils嗜酸性粒细胞 0.02~0.5 0.5~5 Basophils嗜碱性粒细胞 0~0.1 0~1 Monocytes单核细胞 0.12~0.8 3~8 Lymphocytes淋巴细胞 0.8~4.0 20~40 Total 4~10 WBC count 血小板Platelets (Thrombocytes) 正常值： (100~300) x 109/L 主要参与止血 止血Hemostasis 正常情况下，小血管受损后引起的出血，在几分钟内就会自行停止 三个机制： Vascular spasm（血管收缩） Formation of a platelet plug（血小板血栓形成） Blood coagulation (clotting)（血液凝固） 血液凝固Blood coagulation Clotting factor Synonyms I fibrino