[工学]数据库练习.docVIP

DBMS has many advantages. Then what are two disadvantages of database system? 1、数据库管理系统的建立和维护需要花费更多的知识、技能、金钱和时间等。 2、数据库管理系统的复杂性可能导致系统性能不佳。 2. List ?ve responsibilities of a database management system. a. 事务管理。. b. 数据的完整性保护。 c. 数据库的安全性保护。 d. 备份和恢复。. e. 并行控制。 3. What are ?ve main functions of a database administrator? 1、设计与定义数据库系统。 2、监控数据库的使用和运行。 3、数据库的转储与恢复。 4、数据库的改进与重组。 5、数据库的重构。 4. Explain the distinctions among the terms primary key, candidate key.and super key. 超键(super key):在关系中能唯一标识元组的属性集称为关系模式的超键 候选键(candidate key):不含有多余属性的超键称为候选键 主键(primary key):用户选作元组标识的一个候选键主键 What is logical data independence and why is it important? 数据库系统中的数据既有物理独立性又有逻辑独立性，逻辑独立性当数据的逻辑结构改变时，程序。数据与程序的独立，把数据的定义从程序中分离出去，大大减少了应用程序的维护和修改。 Consider the following information about a university database: Professors have an SSN, a name, an age, a rank, and a research specialty. Projects have a project number, a sponsor name (e.g., NSF), a starting date, an ending date, and a budget. Graduate students have an SSN, a name, an age, and a degree program (e.g., M.S. or Ph.D.). Each project is managed by one professor (known as the project’s principal investigator). Each project is worked on by one or more professors (known as the project’s co-investigators). Professors can manage and/or work on multiple projects. Each project is worked on by one or more graduate students (known as the project’s research assistants). When graduate students work on a project, a professor must supervise their work on the project. Graduate students can work on multiple projects, in which case they will have a (potentially di?erent) supervisor for each one. Departments have a department number, a department name, and a main o?ce. Departments have a professor (known as the chairman) who runs the department. Professors work in one or more departments, and for each department that they work in, a time percentage is associated with their job. Graduate students have one major department in which they are working on their degre