[管理学]4 OLAP.pptVIP

* Slicing and dicing are where you display subsets of the data without having to build a separate query each time. * Pivoting – A data analysis operation whereby the user takes another viewpoint on the results of the analysis, changing the way the dimensions are arranged in the result. – Pivoting appears as if the answer cube is rotated and another side is being given priority in the presentation of the result. * Demonstrate how to drag and drop columns * Identifying the Business Needs -What are the real business problems to solve ? -Analyzing Existing Applications --Reports, Spreadsheets, Charts I--nterview The End-Users -Design an OLAP application that: Add business value (be careful with end user requirements) * Drill down allows the user to move from one level of aggreagtion to a more detailed level of aggreagtion.For example Sales per Country is displayed and by using drill down capabilities the user can display Sales per City for a particular country. Drill Up refers to the navigation from a detailed level of aggregation to a less deatiled level. For example Sales per Customer to Sales per customer group. 一个真正的HOLAP系统应能遵循以下几条准则： 维度能够被动态更新—— 一个真正的HOLAP不但可以提供对数据的实时存取，还可以根据不断变化的结构对维数进行更新。 可根据RDBMS的元数据产生多维视图—— 一个真正的HOLAP可利用RDBMS的元数据来构建多维模型并可以利用元数据方便快捷地更改多维视图，减少开发和维护人员的工作量。 可以快速存取各种级别的汇总数据。 可适应大数据量数据的分析。 可以方便地对计算和汇总算法进行维护和修改。 桌面级工具 BrioQuery (ROLAP) Business Objects (ROLAP) Cognos Impromptu (ROLAP) Cognos PowerPlay (MOLAP) 服务器级OLAP Arbor Software Essbase (MOLAP) MicroStrategy DSS Agent (ROLAP ) Oracle’s Express (hybrid MOLAP/ROLAP) OLAP定义 OLAP特性 OLAP系统的体系结构和分类 OLAP操作 OLAP操作 Codd从可视化角度提出，主要基于统计的方法： 钻取(Drill) 钻取包含向下钻取(Drill-down)和向上钻取(Drill-up)/上卷(Roll-up)操作，钻取的深度与维所划分的层次相对应。 切片和切块(Slice and Dice) 在多维数据结构中,按二维进行切片,按三维进行切块,可得到所需要的数据。如在“城市、产品、时间”三维立方体中进行切块和切片,可得到各城市、各产品的销售情况。 ?旋转(Rotate)/旋转(Pivot) 通过旋转可以得到不同视角的数据。 辅之于各种图形展示分析结果 OLAP的基本操作 一个OLAP操作实例： OLAP的基本操作 钻取（Dill up/Drill down）： 钻取 数据聚集 切片、切块 销售数据的4-D表示 OLAP的基本操作 切片 Slicing Example Slicing:Fi