[工学]材料化学.ppt

Chapter 1 Introduction 引论 Circulation of materials Catalog 1.1 基本概念 1.2 材料的发展概况 1.3 材料的重要性 1.4 材料的分类和要素 1.5 材料设计 1.6 材料哲学史 1.1 Concepts and terms （1）Materials Substances having properties which make them useful in machinery, structures, devices and products. —— connected with function and, through that function, utilities. （2）Distinguish between Chemicals and Materials? Chemicals the utility lies primarily in their consumption. Materials can be used repeatedly or continuously for an application that does not irreversibly convert them to something else. （3）Materials Science and Chemistry (4) Chemistry of Materials 1.2 Development of materials 1.2 材料的发展概况 材料的发现、发展和应用是人类文明的标志。 材料的品种、质量和产量，是直接衡量一个国家的科技和经济发展水平的重要标志之一。 Pottery China Glass 人类发展 与 材料本质的改变 ① 陶器制作：粘土及其它添加物， 加热烧结成较硬实体；人类社会结构﹑ 生活形态的改变。 ② 青铜器：金属产物的工具﹑武器﹑ 农具﹑礼器﹑祭器等取代泥制陶器； ③ 金属使用：常温的刚强度，红热时 可锻炼成形性，熔融后的铸造性。 Figure of materials development Five ages of materials development (1) Stone Age Distinguish between the Paleolithic Period and the Neolithic Age (2) Bronze Age Alloy Copper mirrors Copper musical instrument Iron Age Equations Alloys of iron carbon Swords Examples (3)~(5) Other materials 1.3 The importance of materials (1) Filtration materials Reverse osmosis (2) Clothes Structure of cotton Cotton (3) Shoes (4) Glasses Examples Contact Lens (5) Architecture materials (6) Spaceflight materials Examples 1.4.1 Classification of materials Classification of materials Relation of four essentials 1.5 Materials design 1.6 The philosophy history of materials Examples Examples Alchemy * * （4）材料化学的内涵