基于群集技术作为分析产业竞争力的方法【外文翻译】.doc

本科毕业论文英文文献 外文题目：Cluster Techniques as a Method to Analyze Industrial Competitiveness 出 处：International Advances in Economic Research 作 者：Michael Peneder 原 文: Cluster Techniques as a Method to Analyze Industrial Competitiveness Michael Peneder ABSTRACT Porters influential study on the competitive advantage of nations inspired a methodologically extended work on Austrian data. In contrast to Porters analysis, competitiveness is determined endogenously by means of statistical cluster techniques. Avoiding his cut-off approach, well- and badly performing industries are the objects of analysis. The resulting cluster centers constitute the typical pattern of competitiveness for the chosen trade indicators, while the classifications produce a map of Austrian industrial export performance.The results further show that: 1)clustered industries generally are rare in the case of Austria; 2)some of them are located in declining, crisis-shaken sectors; and 3) competitiveness underlines the importance of transnational links (as opposed to narrow national boundaries) for the formation of successful industries. (JEL L10) INTRODUCTION Porters [1990] influential study on the competitive advantage of nations inspired this methodologically extended work on Austrian data. Basically building upon Marshalls [1920] insights into the regional concentration of economic activities, Porter strongly emphasizes the importance of industrial clusters, characterized by the presence of successful horizontally related firms, as well as vertically supporting industries.Dense informational structures with significant externalities,intense competition, lower transaction costs, and cooperation and greater weight in political lobbying feed a self-reinforcing process of dynamic competitive advantages and growth (for more details, see Hutschenreiter and Peneder [1994]). However, a major methodological probl