FirstLanguageAcquisition参考资料.docVIP

First Language Acquisition 1. Some fundamental Distinctions (1). First language (L1): The language that an individual learns first, we called it native language or mother tongue. But in multiracial countries, every ethnic group have their own language, so people in such countries have to learn a non-native language for communication, that is the second language (L2). It is learned after the first language or mother tongue. Some languages, often called auxiliary languages, are used primarily as second languages or lingua francas. Foreign language is a language indigenous to another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to. The difference L2 FL: social functions and social environment. In pedagogy, a distinction is often made between ‘second language’ and foreign language, the latter being learned for use in an area where that language is not generally spoken. Similarities and differences between L2 and L1 X L2 L1 speed NA acquisition is rapid stages systematic stages of development systematic stages of development error correction not directly influential not involved depth of knowledge beyond the level of input beyond the level of input success (1) not inevitable (possible fossilization*) inevitable success (2) rarely fully successful successful (2) Language acquisition vs. language learning There is an important distinction made by linguists between language acquisition and language learning. Children acquire language through a subconscious process during which they are unaware of grammatical rules. This is similar to the way they acquire their first language. They get a feel for what is and what isn’t correct. In order to acquire language, the learner needs a source of natural communication. The emphasis is on the text of the communication and not on the form. Language learning, on the other hand, is not communicative. It is the result of direct instruction in the rules of language. And it certainly is