英语语法演示文稿.ppt

(1) whose在从句中做定语，修饰名词。whose多指人，指物时可与of which互换。例如： 经典例题： Above the trees are the hills, _______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which 答案为C。逗号后面的部分为一个非限定性定语从句，其中的关系代词在从句中充当定语，其先行词为hills，同时the hills和magnificence是从属关系，因此本题应该选择C。 (2) 如果从句中有主宾成分，可考虑关系代词是否在从句中做状语，而状语通常用介词短语充当，于是可知关系代词前面应有介词，介词的选择则要根据它与其先行词的关系或前后名词、动词等的搭配关系来决定，同时还应该考虑句子在上下文中要表达的意思。例如： 经典例题： The party, _________ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which 答案为D。本题考查定语从句中 “介词+关系代词”，选择什么介词取决于上下文，在聚会上一般说：at the party，所以选择at which。 只用that，不用which的情况： 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时； 当先行词前有the only, the very, the last等词修饰时； 当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much等不定代词修饰 当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时； 当先行词由人和物两部分组成时 先行词在从句中作表语时, 限制性定语从句通常用 that 引导。(常可省略) eg. This is the cleanest park that you can imagine. eg. This is the only book that has been written in French. eg. He talked about the things and persons he had visited in the city. * 在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。 that eg. Who is the man is standing over there? that *当先行词由人和物两部分组成时，限制性定 语从句必须用 that 引导。 * 先行词在从句中作表语时, 限制性定语从句通常用 that 引导。(常可省略) eg. She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country. (4) as与which用作关系代词的区别 1) as引导限定性定语从句时，常与such, the same, so, as连用，用于代替指人或物的先行词，而which不能。例如： You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 经典例题： Only take such clothes_____ really necessary. A.as were B.as they are C.as they were D. as are 答案为D。当先行词中有such时，常用as引导限定性定语从句。先行词是clothes，as在从句中作主语，所以B、C不对，因为they是多余的；A的时态与主句不搭配，故D正确。 2) 关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句时，用于代替整个主句，意思是”正如”，as从句位置较之which引导的非限定性定语从句更加灵活，可出现在句首、句中、句末，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能出现在主句后。例如： Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. As he later admitted, it was a stupid thing to do. It was a stupid thing to do, as/which he la