[理学]纳米材料和纳米结构第四讲-水解和化学共沉淀法.pptVIP

Aging a solution of 0.02M FeCl3 + 0.001M HCl at 100°C for 24 hrs in a sealed test tube, we can obtain hematite （赤铁矿，Fe2O3）; By changing the concentrations of FeCl3 and HCl, the aging temperature, and the heating time, the particle size, the composition and the shape can be changed, such as in the shape of double-ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal, irregular, rod-like, and spherical. Most of the homogeneous precipitation processes involve ionic solutions. Mono-dispersive particles can be prepared by carefully controlling the kinetics of the precipitation. The kinetics of nucleation and particle growth can be adjusted by the spontaneous release of precipitating anions from organic molecules. It is also essential to fulfill the requirements of homogeneity of solution, slow precipitation and easy control of the final PH for homogeneous precipitation. Synthesizing yttrium oxide doped with europium (Y2O3: Eu) [(Y1-xEux)(H2O)n]3+ + H2O [(Y1-xEux)(OH)(H2O)n-1]2+ + H3O+ [(Y1-xEux)(OH)(H2O)n-1]2+ +CO32- (Y1-xEux)(OH)CO3?H2O + (n-2)H2O The aggregation mode assumes that production of primary particles proceeds independently of the presence of other solids in the reaction volume and that the rate of particle growth by molecular addition is much smaller than that by aggregation; Aggregation mainly due to Brownian motion and attractive van de Waals forces will rapidly decrease the number of particles in suspension; Particles will grow until they reach a stable size. At this point they will grow by combining with smaller unstable nuclei and not by collisions with other stable particles; Experiments show that particle aggregation plays a significant role in determining the particle size of the final product if initial nuclei are unstable. (1) A higher aging temperature leading to a larger pa