通讯技术Digital Communications chapter 14.pptVIP

* Chapter 14. fading channels ?n(?) ?n(t) ? c(t, ?) The transmitted signal The received signal The equivalent lowpass signal The channel can be expressed as For the continues scatter channel model The effects of carrier frequency: For the unmodulated carrier, the received signals Using the central limit theorem, the rl is a complex valued Gaussian random variable, then its amplitude is Rayleigh distributed variable. Therefore the channel is At the any instants or for the no-time variant channel Rayleigh fading Assume random variable Y X1 and X2 are zero mean random variables, the pdf of Y is pdf of r Ricean fading Assume random variable Y The mean value of X1 and X2 are m1,m2, assume s2=m12+m22 the pdf of Y is Multipath: received signals can be constructive addition or destructive additions Fast fading Channel correlation function and power spectrum Assume c(?,t) is as wide-sense stationary process ?1 and ?2 are uncorrelated scattering Let ?t=0, the auto-correlation is the average power output of the channel as the time delay ? ?c(?) : is called multipath delay intensity profile or delay power spectrum ?c(?) 0 ? Tm Tm: maximum delay spread (multipath spread) Take Fourier transform of c(?;t) C(f;t) is the time domain variant frequency response ? c(?) Channel response in time domain ?C(f) ? Channel response in frequency domain f The C(f,t) is also wide-sense stationary process The relationship is : the spaced-frequency Assume ?t=0, the relationship becomes ?c(?) 0 ? Tm ?C(?f) 0 ?f ? Fourier transform pair The coherence bandwidth Channel bandwidth B Frequency selective fading: Bcoherent bandwidth frequency no-selective fading: Bcoherent bandwidth flat fading: frequency no-selective fading Doppler spectrum For the time variant channel caused by Doppler frequency, the Doppler spectrum is fc+fm fc-fm fc Bd Focus on the time variance of one path, that is the ?t term only in ?C(? f,?t) When set ? f=0, it becomes *