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PATERNAL COMMITMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE CATHERINE M.E. LALLY SUPERVISOR: TOM WHELAN Applied Research Project APY 4060 Postgraduate Diploma of Applied Psychology Monash University, Caulfield Campus 12 November 1999  Acknowledgements My sincerest gratitude goes to my supervisor Tom Whelan for his encouragement, support, advice, and enthusiasm, which ensured the completion of this study. Thanks also go to the members of staff of the Psychology Department at Monash University for their availability for help and advice, with special thanks to Eleonora Gullone and Simon Moss for their helpful suggestions. I would also like to thank my family who nearly uncomplainingly put up with the time I spent on the computer; to my partner Mike, who sparked my interest in nontraditional ways of being a father, and to my sons and stepsons, who will perhaps one day find their own ways of being fathers. And finally, thanks to all the fathers who participated in this study for their time and interest and enthusiasm for this study. PAGE iii Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction 1. 1. Historical Overview 1.2. The Fathers Role Today 4 1.3. Gender Stereotypes and Fatherhood 6 1.4. Antecedents and Barriers to Greater Involvement 10 I.S. Effects of Paternal Involvement 14 I. S. 1. Effects on Children 14 1.5.2. Marital Effects is 1.5.3. Effects on Fathers 16 1.6. The Concept of Commitment and Involvement 18 1.7. Research Rationale and Aim 21 Chapter 2: Method 24 2. 1. Participants 24 2.2. Mat~ 26 2.3. Procedure 31 Chapter 3: Results 32 3. 1. Measure of Commitment 32 3.2. Quality of Life, Social Provisions and SelfEsteem 36 Chapter 4: Discussion 43 4. 1. Measure of Pate~ Commitment 43 4.2. Paternal Commitrnent and Quality of Life 44 4.3. Social Support and SelfEsteem 48 4.4. Limitations and recommendations 49 References 52 Appendix A. Regression Analyses 58 Appendix B. Principal Components Analysis Cronbachs Alpha 65 Appendix C. Questio