曼昆经济学原理中文第四版 答案33.docVIP

第33章《货币财政政策对总需求的影响》(2008-10-12 20:08:59) 杂谈? 分类：《经济学原理》习题选答 复习题： 1. What is the theory of liquidity preference? How does it help explain the downward slope of the aggregatedemand curve? 答：所谓流动性偏好，是指人们愿意以货币或存款的方式保存一些财富，其动机可能是交易、谨慎或投机。流动性偏好理论，是凯恩斯的利率决定理论。按照这个理论，总需求曲线向下倾斜是因为：a, 较高的价格水平提高了货币需求 b, 较高的货币需求导致较高的利率。c,较高的利率减少了产品和货物的消费需求。价格水平和需求量负相关。 2. Use the theory of liquidity preference to explain how a decrease in the money supply affects the aggregate demand curve. 答：减少货币供应，使货币供应曲线和货币需求曲线相交在高处，即导致利率提高，利率提高减少了消费和投资，所以总需求下降。最后，总需求曲线向左移。 3. The government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand mightincrease by less than $3 billion. 答：乘数效应，可能使总需求增加大于3十亿。 ??? 挤出效应，是指政府支出，导致利率提高，抑制需求的效应。可能使总需求增加小于3十亿。 4. Suppose that survey measures of consumer confidence indicate a wave of pessimism is sweeping the country. If policymakers do nothing, what will happen toaggregate demand? What should the Fed do if it wants to stabilize aggregate demand? If the Fed does nothing, what might Congress do to stabilize aggregate demand? 悲观情绪蔓延，如果政府不介入，对总需求有何影响？Fed如何稳定总需求？如果Fed没有行动，国会如何作？ 答：悲观情绪蔓延，家庭消费支出减少，公司投资下降，导致总需求下降。Fed应该增加货币供应，降低利率，使家庭少储蓄，多消费，激励公司多投资，这些都增加了总需求。如果Fed无行动，国会应该减税和增加政府购买，以增加总需求。 5. Give an example of a government policy that acts as an automatic stabilizer. Explain why this policy has this effect. 答：税收体系和失业保障体系。 ??? 收入高，税收高，限制消费，收入低了，税收也低了，促进了消费，结果使支出部分地稳定化。 ??? 失业后，政府通过转移支付，不至于使失业者下降太多，也起到自动稳定器的作用。 ? 应用题： 1. Explain how each of the following developments would affect the supply of money, the demand for money, and the interest rate. Illustrate your answers with diagrams. a. The Fed’s bond traders buy bonds in open-market operations. 答： b. An increase in credit card availability reduces the cash people hold. 答： c. The Federal Reserve reduces banks?reserve requirements. 答： d. Households decide to hold more money to use for holiday shopping. 答： e. A wave of optimism boosts b