第四章the action potential动作电位.pptVIP

* 为了解释gNa的瞬间变化，Hodgkin Huxley推测轴突膜上可能存在钠离子的“闸门”，经过－开放、失活、去失活等状态。 * * model of sodium channel activation and inactivation * * 在去极化维持过程中出现的钠通道关闭现象称之为钠通道的失活（inactivation）。 4、钠通道失活模型 * * 电压门控钠通道的激活与失活门 在静息状态下，激活门关闭，失活门开放。 在去极化状态，激活门快速开放，钠离子进入内膜。 失活门关闭，离子通道进入失活状态。 复极化(repolarization)过程中，激活门关闭，失活门开放，回复静息电位。 * * 与膜片钳相关的内容 * * 电压钳技术 Patch clamp 单通道记录法 细胞吸附(On cell) 膜内面向外(Inside-Out) 膜外面向外(Outside-Out) 全细胞记录法 Whole cell 常规全细胞记录 穿孔膜片法 研究方法 * * Cell attached Whole cell Inside out Outside out * * 封接过程及补偿 * * 400X 100X * * 有关钾离子通道 * 钾通道可分为以下几种： 1、IK，delayed rectifier, 延时整流钾通道， 慢激活 2、IA，A-type, 瞬时钾电流，快激活，快失活 3、Ica，Calcium activated，钙激活钾电流，去极化+钙 4、Iir，inward-retifier, 内向整流，超极化激活 5. IM，M-type channel, 小的去极化激活，Ach 失活。 * * 钾通道阻断剂的作用 4-AP TEA * A 电流 * * The pore-forming subunits of the voltage-gated Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels are composed of a common repeated domain. * * 钾通道结构 * * (A) The transmembrane topology of a Kv channel subunit, showing the voltage sensor and pore domains. The intact channel is made up of four such subunits. The intracellular (IC) and extracellular (EC) faces of the membrane are labeled. (B) Structure of the voltage sensor domain of the bacterial voltagegated channel KvAP (PDB code 1ORS), with the S4 helix in deep blue, and helices S1 to S3 in pale blue. (C) Structure of the pore domain from KvAP (PDB code 1ORQ), with the P helix and filter in cyan, and the S6 helix in green. * * Figure Structure of the pore and voltage-sensing regions of the Kv1.2 channel. (A) The pore region (S5-P-S6) of the Kv1.2 transmembrane domain, along with the porelining surface. For clarity, only two of the four channel subunits are shown. The S6 helices are in green, with the PVP hinge motif (to which an arrow points) in red. The remainder of the protein backbone is in gray. (B) The structure of the isolated voltage sensor domain of KvAP (ribbons) superimposed on the corresponding VS domain of Kv1.2 (helices shown as solid cylinders). The voltage sensing S4 helix i