[学习总结]过程建模与系统控制设计.doc

过程控制课程设计 设计题目：过程建模与系统控制设计 班 级： 学 号： 姓 名： 指导教师： 设计时间：2012.5.7-2012.5.25 摘要 通过此次课程设计，对单容水箱、双容水箱完成建模，调节PID参数，使系统具有良好的稳态性能和暂态性能，并设计串级控制系统、前馈控制系统。 比例系数加大，使系统的动作灵敏，速度加快，稳态误差减小。Ｋp偏大，振荡次数加多，调节时间加长。Ｋp太大时，系统会趋于不稳定。Ｋp太小，又会使系统的动作缓慢。Ｋp可以选负数，这主要是由执行机构、传感器以控制对象的特性决定的。如果Ｋｃ的符号选择不当对象状态(pv值)就会离控制目标的状态(sv值)越来越远，如果出现这样的情况Ｋp的符号就一定要取反。积分作用使系统的稳定性下降，Ｔｉ小（积分作用强）会使系统不稳定，但能消除稳态误差，提高系统的控制精度。微分作用可以??善动态特性，Ｔｄ偏大时，超调量较大，调节时间较短。Ｔｄ偏小时，超调量也较大，调节时间也较长。只有Ｔｄ合适，才能使超调量较小，减短调节时间。 关键词：过程建模，单回路控制系统，串级控制系统，前馈控制系统 目录 摘要 1.概述 ·······················································1 2.设计要求 ···················································2 2.1实验系统熟悉及过程建模 ·································2 2.2实现单容水箱液位的单回路控制系统设计····················2 2.3实现双容水箱液位的单回路控制系统设计····················3 2.4实现水箱液位与进水流量的串级控制系统设计················3 2.5实现副回路进水流量的前馈控制····························4 3.设计内容····················································5 3.1过程建模················································5 3.1.1实验装置············································5 3.1.2建立模型············································5 3.2单容水箱···············································20 3.2.1控制原理···········································20 3.2.2调节PID参数·······································21 3.2.3旁路干扰···········································26 3.2.4副回路干扰·········································26 3.3双容水箱···············································27 3.3.1控制原理···········································27 3.3.2PID参数············································28 3.3.3旁路干扰···········································29 3.3.4副回路干扰·········································30 3.4串级控制系统···········································31 3.4.1控制原理···········································31 3.4.2PID参数············································32 3.4.3旁路干扰···········································34 3.4.4副回路干扰·········································35 3.5前馈控制系统···········································