Plato柏拉图中英介绍.docVIP

Plato （424/423 BC[a] – 348/347 BC), was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. In the famous words of A.N. Whitehead:柏拉图（公元前424?/ 423?[?]–348 /?347年），是古希腊哲学家，数学家，苏格拉底的学生，哲学对话的作家，和创始人雅典科学院，在西方世界的第一所高等学府。随着他的导师和他的学生，苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德，奠定了西方哲学和科学的基础。在安怀特海的名言：The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. I do not mean the systematic scheme of thought which scholars have doubtfully extracted from his writings. I allude to the wealth of general ideas scattered through them.关于欧洲哲学传统的最一般的特征是，它包括一系列的脚注柏拉图。我不意味着思想的学者系统方案有怀疑从他的著作中提取。我指的财富分散在他们的总体思路。Platos sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters have been ascribed to him. Platos writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Platos texts.柏拉图的复杂性作为一个作家，他在苏格拉底对话是明显的；三十六的对话和十三个字母已被归因于他。柏拉图的著作已出版几个时尚的LED；这对于命名和引用柏拉图的文本的几个公约。Platos dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, and mathematics. 柏拉图的对话都被用来教的科目，包括哲学，逻辑学，伦理学，修辞学，和数学思想观点 唯心主义 是西方的创始人，其哲学体系，对其教学思想影响尤甚。柏拉图认为宇宙开头是没有区别的一片混沌（The cosmos itself seemed to Plato to be forever titled toward chaos.)。政治思想 在中，柏拉图设计了一幅之邦的图景：国家规模适中，以站在城中高处能将全国尽收眼底，国人彼此面识为度。柏拉图认为国家起源于劳动分工，因而他将理想国中的公民分为治国者、武士、劳动者3个等级，分别代表智慧、勇敢和欲望3种品性。教育观 建立完整教育体系 柏拉图还是西方教育史上第一个提出完整的学前教育思想并建立了完整的的人 柏拉图的坚持 ? 　　开学第一天，苏格拉底对学生们说:“今天咱们只学一件最简单也是最容易的事，每人把胳膊尽量往前甩，然后再尽量往后甩。”说着，苏格拉底示范了一遍，“从今天开始，每天做?300下，大家能做到吗?” ? 　　学生们都笑了，这么简单的事，有什么做不到的？过了一个月，苏格拉底问学生们:“每天甩手?300下，哪些同学在坚持着？”有百分之九十的同学骄傲地举起了手，又过了一个月，苏格拉底又问，这回，坚持下来的学生只剩下八成。一年过后，苏格拉底再一次问大家:“请告诉我，最简单的甩手运动，还有哪几位同学坚