[英语学习]liying+chapter+3+Morphology.ppt

What is lexicon Lexicon: In its most general sense, lexicon is synonymous with vocabulary. In its technical sense, it deals with the analysis and creation of words. The lexicon includes the lexemes used to actualize words. A lexeme is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, that roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word. 词位 For example, in the English language, run, runs, ran and running are forms of the same lexeme, conventionally written as RUN. 2) Both as a general term and a specific term: E.g. exist, exists, existed, existing do, does, did, done, doing then: as a general term:? as a specific term:? B) Relative uninterruptibility: new elements are not to be inserted into a word even when there are several parts in a word. disappointment, *disinterestappointment. How about a sentence? Paul, (John) and Mary are my classmates... E.g. timetable: timelesstable widow --- window ? labor-labour Morpheme is the smallest unit of form that has semantic or grammatical meaning. p.61 The smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be further divided into smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. 3.Affix Affix: the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. Inflectional affix: a kind of bound morphemes which manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree and case. E.g. workers, children; walking, walked; biggest; John’s Derivational affix: a kind of bound morphemes, added to existing forms to create new words. There are three kinds according to position: prefix, suffix and infix. Blank-filling 4. Root; affix; stem Root: the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity, eg friend as in unfriendliness. When all the affixes are