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Heredity (2008) 101, 136–144 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/08 $30.00 /hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE An integrated approach to the characterization of two autochthonous lentil (Lens culinaris) landraces of Molise (south-central Italy) 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 GS Scippa , D Trupiano , M Rocco , V Viscosi , M Di Michele , A D’Andrea and D Chiatante 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Ambiente e il Territorio, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy; 2Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; 3Laboratory of Analytical Techniques and Proteomics, ‘John Paul II’ Center for High Technology, Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy and 4Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ed Ambientali, University of Insubria, Como, Italy Plant biodiversity must be safeguarded because it constitu- in the Molise germoplasm bank. The two local landraces tes a resource of genes that may be used, for instance, in were well differentiated from each other, and the Conca breeding programs. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of Casale landrace was separated from the commercial the most ancient crops of the Mediterranean region. varieties at morphological, protein and DNA level. The Extensive differentiation of L. culinaris over millennia has Capracotta landrace, was well separated from the commer- resulted in a myriad of different landraces. However, in more cial varieties, except Castelluccio di Norcia, at DNA level recent times many landraces have disappeared con