[理学]生物专业英语2.pptVIP

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[理学]生物专业英语2

(二)聚集与流散 (Compact VS Diffusive) 英语句子有严谨的主谓结构,这个结构常有名词性短语(NP)和动词性短语(VP)构成。主语不可或缺,谓语动词是句子的中心,两者协调一致(S-V concord),提纲挈领,聚集各种关系网络(connective-nexus)。因此,英语句子主次分明,层次清楚,前呼后拥,严密规范,句式呈“聚集型(compactness)”。 英语的主语和谓语动词搭配构成句子的核心,谓语动词控制句子主要成分的格局。 英语主谓结构可归结为五种基本句型: SV(主语+动词) SVP(主语+动词+表语) SVO(主语+动词+宾语) SVoO(主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) SVOC(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语) Ⅰ、基本句型的变式包括: a)陈述句变疑问句 b)肯定句变否定句 c)主动句变被动句 d)“there be +主语”结构 a)增加(定语和状语)修饰语。 When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 周恩来的房门打开了。他们看到了一位身材修长的人,比普通人略高,目光炯炯,面貌引人注目,称得上清秀。 b)基本句型的成分扩展(词组或从句) The kaleidoscope of shifting interests of the nations during the negotiation made it impossible to sort out the “winners” and “losers”. 谈判期间,各国的利益变化不定,好象万花筒似的,这就使人难以分辨出究竟谁是“胜者”,谁是“输家” The structure of the steed and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled. 钢的结构及其形成的性质,取决于加热的温度和冷却的速度。 Ⅲ、基本句型的组合。 基本句型及其变式、扩展,还可以通过并列连词或标点连接起来,组合成并列句或并列复合句。 A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed mside each and leave room to spare; here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths. 人们所知道的几个星球并不比地球大多少,但绝大多数的星球却大得足以能容纳成千上万个地球还绰绰有余,我们到处都可以遇见大得足以包容千千万万个地球的巨星。 Ⅳ、基本句型的省略 To err is human, to forgive (is) divine. 人孰无过,恕过者神。 If one dad but two heads and neither required sleep! = It would be nice if one had but two heads and neither required sleep! 人要是有两个脑袋,而且不需要睡觉,那就好了。 A serious matter this for you and me. = A serious is this for you and me. / This is a serious matter for you and me. Ⅴ、基本句型的倒装 The greatest truths are the simplest, so are the greatest men. 最伟大的真理总是最朴素的,最伟大的人物也是最朴素的。 Neither could theory do without practice, nor (could0 practice (do) without theory. 理论离不开实践,实践离不开理论。 Such treatment I did no

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