配位化合物-简化.ppt

配离子稳定的原因： 在Ag(NH3)2+配离子中，两个氨分子通过配位键结合在银离子的两边； 在Cu(NH3)42+配离子中四个氨分子通过配位键结合在铜离子的周围。 由于两者之间是通过化学键的方式连接起来，因此配离子很稳定。 第三节 配位平衡 一、配位平衡常数 在[Cu(NH3)4]SO4溶液中加入NaOH溶，无Cu(OH)2沉淀生成，说明： QC=[Cu2+]r[OH-]r2KSP=2.6×10-19 在[Cu(NH3)4]SO4溶液中加入Na2S溶，发现有CuS沉淀生成，说明： QC=[Cu2+][S2-]KSP=8.5×10-45 上述实验说明发生了以下作用： Cu2+ + 4NH3 ? [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 当V配位＝V离解时，达到配位离解平衡 根据化学平衡定律，有： 稳定常数Kf的物理意义 [M]：未同L起配位反应的M的浓度； [L]：是指未同M起配位反应的Y的浓度； [MY]：是指所形成的配合物的总浓度。 2、简单络合物 中心离子和单基配位体（Ligand）形成，分级络合。 逐级稳定常数接近，有多种络合形式同时存在，作掩蔽剂、显色剂和指示剂。 例如：Cu2+与NH3的络合。 Cu2++NH3 = Cu(NH3)2+ Kf1 =2.0×104 Cu(NH3)2++NH3=Cu(NH3)22+ Kf2=4.7×103 Cu(NH3)22++NH3=Cu(NH3)32+ Kf3=1.1×103 Cu(NH3)32++NH3=Cu(NH3)42+ Kf4=2.0×102 3、MLn的逐级稳定常数与累积稳定常数 →累计稳定常数： 各级配合物的浓度计算 通过βn，可求各级配合物的浓度： [ML] = β1[M][L] [ML2] = β2[M][L]2 …… [MLn]= βn[M][L]n 螯合物的立体构型： Ca-EDTA EDTA-Co螯合物的模型 Alfred Werner (1866～1919), a French-Swiss chemist was born in Alsace and educated in Zurich. He was a professor at the University of Zurich from 1893 until his death. Werner studied the structure of inorganic coordination compounds and developed the coordination theory of valence. He introduced the concept of coordination number. Werner asserted that he awoke one morning at 2 a.m. as the coordination theory flashed into his consciousness, and that by 5 p.m. of the same day he had worked out the essential features of the theory. As a result of his theory, new and unsuspected examples of geometrical and optical isomerism were discovered. More than 200 Ph.D. dissertations were prepared under his direction, and he and his students synthesized many new series of inorganic complex compounds. 自测题： 1. 下列配合物系统命名错误的是( ) A. K2[HgI4] 四碘合汞(Ⅱ)酸钾 B. [Al(OH)4]- 四羟基合铝(Ⅲ)离子 C. [Ni (CO)4 四羰基合镍(Ⅱ) D. [Pt (NH3)2 Cl2] 二氯二氨合铂(Ⅱ) C 2. Ni(en)2]2+离子中镍的配位数和氧化数( ) 分别是 A. 2 , +2 B. 2, +3 C. 6 , +2