城乡发展联系与空间统计建模分析教材教学课件.pptVIP

城乡发展联系与空间统计建模分析;介绍内容;? Understanding the Economic Spatial Systems ;关于空间经济理论-空间聚集的外部经济效应;交通成本;人口;II. 空间统计学原理;Why spatial data is different from non-spatial data ? (spatial neighborhood) Statistical property for spatial data: Spatial dependence (autocorrelation) Heterogeneity Spatial trend (non-stationarity) Sensitive to spatial boundaries and spatial unit (Country, County, Tract) Elevation, Major cities and Lat / Long grid;空间分析问题;常规统计学与空间统计学的差异 ;;;Moran I (Z value) is positive: observations tend to be similar; negative: observations tend to be dissimilar; approximately zero: observations are arranged randomly over space. Geary C: large C value (1): observations tend to be dissimilar; small C value (1) indicates that they tend to be similar. ;;简单空间自回归模型: Y = ?WY + ? 最小二乘法(OLS)估计有偏且不一致:;空间自回归模型定义;空间自相关检验 ;空间自回归模型异方差检验;空间模型参数估计 ;数据随机分布假设: 所有空间观察值随即等概率分布;Identify the spatial structure of economic and demographic forces (FEA: urban core, urban periphery and rural hinterland). Identify the spatial interactions (linkages) between urban centers and their periphery rural areas. Evaluate the effects of local amenities (infrastructure, public services, education and environment) on rural hinterland population and employment change. Suggest alternative public policies for promoting rural growth and development.;空间区域定义划分;功能经济区的划分-以美国南部为例;辨识局部空间增长模式;基于空间统计的中心-郊围分析研究;空间增长模式辨识研究;城乡发展联系的空间模型研究;指标定义与变量选择(1);指标定义与变量选择（２）;空间回归模型估计结果;城乡发展联系影响分析;;;;新的命题挑战 ;关于空间数据的处理;空间数据分析理论与方法;空间模型 ;- THE END -