基于单片机与ＣＰＬＤ的步进电机ＰＷＭ驱动技术.docVIP

基于单片机与ＣＰＬＤ的步进电机ＰＷＭ驱动技术 　　摘 要：提出了一种基于AVR单片机和CPLD实现三相混合式步进电动机控制系统，介绍了系统的原理和结构框图，详细论述了控制电路核心部分的设计原理和实现。系统利用单片机来设定电机的转速和转向，CPLD将单片机发出的控制信号转换成电机实际的控制信号，并通过驱动放大电路实现了对步进电机速度和方向的精确控制，系统中设计出电流控制型的PWM信号产生电路。实验结果表明，该系统具有修改方便，使用灵活，可靠性高，可移植性强，抗干扰能力强等优点。 　　关键词：步进电机;脉宽调制;AVR单片机;驱动电路 　　中图分类号：TP275 文献标识码：B 　　文章编号：1004373X(2008)0511303 　　 　　Research on the PWM Drive Technology of Stepping Motor Based on Single Chip and CPLD 　　CHEN Xiangtao??1,ZHANG Qianjin????2,3?? 　　(1.Modern Education Technology and Information Center,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,471003,Luoyang,China; 　　2.School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,471003,China; 　　3.School of Computer and Information,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei,230009,China) 　　Abstract：In this paper,a realization system of control scheme based on AVR single chip and CPLD for three phase hybrid stepper motor is presented.The principle and structure block diagram are introduced.Besides,the design principle and realization for the core section of the control circuit are probed in detail.By using single chip to set up speed and direction.The control signals produced by the single chip are converted into final signals of control by the pulse coder by the CPLD.Through the driving circuit,it can control the speed and direction of the step-motor accurately.A current-controlled generation circuit of PWM is designed.The experiential results show,the system has the features of being easily modified,good flexibility,high reliability,powerful transplantable capability and with powerful resisting interfere. 　　Keywords：stepping motor;PWM;AVR single chip;drive circuit 　　 　　步进电动机是一种将数字信号转换为位移(或直线位移)的机电执行元件，每当输入一个脉冲时，转轴便转过一个固定的机械角度，他具有快速起停、精确步进、没有积累误差且能直接接收数字信号的特点，在数字控制系统中得到了广泛的应用。步进电机的运动性能和他的驱动器有密切的关系，驱动器的性能的优劣直接影响到步进电机运行的好坏[1]。细分驱动方式可以减小步进电机的步矩角，提高分辨率，使电机运行更加平稳均匀，可以减小或消除低频振动。利用恒流和细分驱动技术可以大大提高步进电机的步矩分辨率，减小转矩波动，避免低频共振及降低运行噪声。通常的步进电机控制方法是采用CPU配合专用的步进电机驱动控制器来实现，存在成本高、