英语诗歌鉴赏chapter7.docVIP

Chapter 7 Victorian Age Symbol (象征): Literary symbols are of two broad types: the conventional ones and the occasionally-coined ones. Certain symbols occur again and again in literature, thus becoming conventional and possessing almost settled symbolic meanings. For instance, spring symbolizes life, and winter death. These conventional symbols are easy to recognize and identify. However, in order to convey particular meanings, writers often create their own symbols in their writing. This type of symbols acquires its suggestiveness not only from qualities inherent in itself but also from the way in which it is used in a given work or context. Tone (格调): the author’s attitude toward the subject or audience Theme (主题): the controlling idea or meaning of a work of art Style (风格): The author’s characteristic manner of expression; style includes the author’s diction, syntax, sentence patterns, punctuation, and spelling, as well as the use made of such devices as sound, rhythm, imagery, and figurative language. Dramatic monologue (戏剧独白): It is a type of poem in which a character, at some specific and critical moments, addresses an identifiable silent audience, thereby unintentionally revealing his or her essential temperament and personality. Break, Break, Break Alfred Tennyson Break, break, break, On thy cold gray stones, O Sea! And I would1 that my tongue could utter The thoughts that arise in me. O, well for the fishermans boy, That he shouts with his sister at play! O, well for the sailor lad, That he sings in his boat on the bay! And the stately ships go on To their haven under the hill; But O for2 the touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of a voice that is still! Break, break, break, At the foot of thy crags, O Sea! But the tender grace3 of a day that is dead Will never come back to me. Notes 1....I would: I wish 2....O for: how I wish for 3. the tende