流体力学与工程Chapter 3 Fluid Statics.ppt

Chapter 3 Fluid Statics Direction of Pressure Along the inward normal direction of fluid surface Magnitude of Pressure The pressure values at any point in a static fluid are the same in all directions. 3.2 Balance Equation of Static Fluid Similarly, Differential Pressure Formula (Euler balance differential Equation) rectangular coordinate system cylindrical coordinate system The equal pressure surface Conclusion: The mass force is perpendicular to the equal pressure plane. 3.3 Pressure of Static Fluid in Gravity Field 3.3.1 Incompressible Fluid The equal pressure plane Conclusion: The equal pressure plane is horizontal Incompressible fluid Expression methods of pressure 1) Relative pressure (Gauge Pressure ) 2) Absolute pressure 3) Pressure height water column height Mercury column height Remember: An engineering atmosphere pressure 3.3.2 Standard Atmosphere Atmosphere is considered as a perfect gas, which satisfies the following law .  1) Sea level： 2) Troposphere（z=0～11000m）： 3) Stratosphere（z = 11000 ～ 24000m） T= 216.7K Example 1 In the following Figure, h 1=500mm，h2=200mm, h3=150mm，h 4=250mm， h 5=400mm γalcohol=7850N/m3，γmercury=133416N/m3，γwater=9810N/m3. Determine the pressure difference PA-PB. Solution For the equal pressure surfaces 1-1，2-2 and 3-3，according to the basic formula of fluid statics, then Yields So 3.4 Relative Static Liquid in a Non-inertial Coordinate System 3.4.1 Relative Static Liquid moving at Uniform Linear Acceleration The Equal Pressure Planes ∵ The mass force f is perpendicular to the equal pressure planes ∴ The equal pressure planes are a group of slopes at an angle of θ to the level. Pressure formula According to the differential formula of pressure, yields x =0, z =0 and p =