(生物化学)Translation.pdf

Protein Synthesis (Translation) Qi-Qun Tang(汤其群) qqtang@shmu.edu.cn From DNA to protein Translation • Section One: Protein Synthesis System • Section Two: Protein Synthesis Process • Section Three: Posttranslational Processing and Targeting • Section Four: Protein Synthesis in Medicine Section One Protein Synthesis System (Components required for translation) Translation The synthesis of protein molecules using mRNA as the template; translate the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of protein according to the genetic codons. Protein synthesis is one of the most complicated biological processes. It involves the coordinated participation of 100 biomolecules. • Messenger RNA (mRNA): the template • Ribosome: the workbench, including ribosomal RNA (rRNA), ribosomal proteins • Transfer RNA (tRNA) : adaptor and carrier • Amino Acids : substrates (building blocks) • 20 Enzymes and factors: initiation factors (IFs), elongation factor (EFs), releasing factor (RFs) • ATP, GTP, inorganic ions (Mg2+) mRNA as the template in protein synthesis • Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) carry information transcribed from DNA, and work as the template in protein synthesis • mRNA – 5-untranslated region, 5-UTR – open reading frame, ORF – 3-untranslated region, 3-UTR 5 3 5-UTR ORF 3-UTR Prokaryote: polycistron 5 3 Protein Eukaryote: monocistron 5 3