拉曼光谱分析法教材教学课件.pptVIP

Remote Raman Analysis on Planetary Missions To allow Raman spectroscopy at range of 10s of meters. This NASA-funded project is aimed at Mars landers or landers on other planets, but also has terrestrial uses. NSOM Raman Imaging Spectrum of potassium titanyl phosphate. From Hans Hallen at NCSU. Squares are 5 x 5 μm square of this material doped with Rb. A near-field scanning microscope was used and the Raman signal was used to key the substrate response. 拉曼光谱分析法 Remote Raman Analysis on Planetary Missions To allow Raman spectroscopy at range of 10s of meters. This NASA-funded project is aimed at Mars landers or landers on other planets, but also has terrestrial uses. 激光拉曼光谱基本原理 Rayleigh散射： 弹性碰撞；无能量交换，仅改变方向； Raman散射： 非弹性碰撞；方向改变且有能量交换； Rayleigh散射 Raman散射 E0基态， E1振动激发态； E0 + h?0 ， E1 + h?0 激发虚态； 获得能量后，跃迁到激发虚态. （1928年印度物理学家Raman C V 发现；1960年快速发展） h ?? E0 E1 V=1 V=0 h?0 h?0 h?0 h?0 + ?? E1 + h?0 E0 + h?0 h(?0 - ??) 激发虚态 基本原理 1. Raman散射 Raman散射的两种跃迁能量差： ?E=h(?0 - ??) 产生stokes线；强；基态分子多； ?E=h(?0 + ??) 产生反stokes线；弱； Raman位移： Raman散射光与入射光频率差??； ANTI-STOKES ?0 - ?? Rayleigh STOKES ?0 + ?? ?0 h(?0 + ??) E0 E1 V=1 V=0 E1 + h?0 E2 + h?0 h ?? h?0 h(?0 - ??) Rayleigh / Raman Transitions IR Absorptions Rayleigh / Raman Transitions and Spectra Rayleigh / Raman Transitions and Spectra The Spectrum A complete Raman spectrum consists of: ? a Rayleigh scattered peak (high intensity, same wavelength as excitation) ? a series of Stokes-shifted peaks (low intensity, longer wavelength) ? a series of anti-Stokes shifted peaks (still lower intensity, shorter wavelength) ? spectrum independent of excitation wavelength (488, 632.8, or 1064 nm) Spectrum of CCl4, using an Ar+ laser at 488 nm. Raman Spectroscopy Another spectroscopic technique which probes the rovibrational structure of molecules. C.V. Raman discovered in 1928; received Nobel Prize in 1931. Can probe gases, liquids, and solids. Must use a laser source for excitation. Resurgence in recent years due to the