Synthesis of carbon nanotubes-材料合成化学课件PPT.ppt

Carbon Nanotubes The history of Nanotubes Discoverer: Sumio Iijima 1991 CNT coaxial cylinders with a hollow core 1993 single-walled CNT Roll up sheets of hexagons SWNTs and MWNTs Nanotube Covers Mechanical Properties of CNT Strongest and stiffest synthetic Fabrics: It can be stretched by almost 30% without breaking. Reversible: most of the twisting, bending and compressing are reversible. Suitable for making cables, airplane skin. Cables extending all the way into space!!! (most ropes would break under their own weight!!!) Mechanically Deformed Carbon Nanotubes Electrical Properties of CNT Different types of CNTs Armchair CNT has good electrical conductivity as a metal. (independent of diameter) 1/3 Zig-Zag CNT Metal. 2/3 Chiral CNT behave as semiconductor. Three Classes of Carbon Nanotubes Armchair Zig-Zag Chiral Thermal Properties of CNT Superior thermal conductivity along the tubes: Heat energy in CNT is carried out by sound waves, which travel straight down individual CNT at ~ 10,000 m/s better heat sinks for microelectronic devices. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) A carbon source in the gas phase Energy source, such as a plasma or a resistively heated coil: used to crack the molecule into reactive atomic carbon The temperatures: within the 650-900℃ range Growth mechanism * * Topic=(carbon nanotube): 18184, 2008. 22473, 2009. Introduction Diameter ~ 1-30 nm Length ~ microns Interlayer Spacing 0.347 nm SP2 hybridization Exciting Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Mechanical properties Electrical properties Thermal properties Chemical properties ° ° ° ° ° Chemical Properties of CNT (a) oxidation by strong acids, (b) Nitrene cycloaddition, (c) arylation using diazonium salts, (d) 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions. Covalent interaction: occur predominantly at the more reactive (open) end or defect sides Example a nitrobenzenediaz