第八讲修辞格的翻译1概要.ppt

修辞与翻译 常用英汉修辞手段：simile明喻； metaphor 暗喻； metonymy转喻/借代；synecdoche 提喻；personification拟人； hyperbole夸张； antithesis对偶； pun双关； irony反语； euphemism委婉；circumlocution 迂回climax渐进； parallelism平行； onomatopoeia 拟声； aposiopesis 跳脱；rhetorical question 设问 1 直译法——对可译的辞格，尽可能直译 明喻；暗喻；拟人；夸张 讳饰；转喻；省略；折绕 移就；呼告；递升；递降；反语 跳脱； 排比； 设问； 反问； 谲辞 明喻 Simile Ａ：明喻就是明显的比喻, 是本体, 喻体和比喻词都出现的比喻 。明喻用的比喻词是“ 像， 如 ，若， 仿佛 ，似， 俨然” 或为反映程度性质差别而说成“ 好象， 很象， 真象 ，活象 ，就象， 正如， 犹如， 恰似” 等。 明喻的公式是 X 象 Y ，是描写性的。　 Ｂ：明喻又称 “显比”，“直喻”，“明比”，是一种十分明显的比喻。明喻是本体 ，喻体 ，比喻词都要出现的比喻 。本体与喻体之间在形式上具有非常明显的相似 （或相类） 关系。 它的形式就是 ：A 象 B。 Similes in the Chinese language can usually be rendered by words like “象 ,好象,似 ,好似 ,如 ,如同 ,仿佛 ,犹如, 宛如 ,象 …一样(似的, 一般)”。　　　　prep. But in English, comparative words are of various parts of speech. 1.like　　　　prep. 2.“as”, “(as)…as”, “as… (,) so …”, “may (might) as well … as …”, “as if (as though)” conjunctions and prepositional phrases 3.“seem”, “surpass”, “be likened to”, “remind of”, “compare …to”, “treat …as”, “regard …as” verbs and verb phrases 刘玉翠回到村里，就好比是住进了监牢里。（康濯《春种秋收》）Having returned to the village，Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into prison. He drove as if possessed by the devil. 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。 可以直译 …her sharp mind, sawing raggedly through illusions like a bread knife through a hunk of frozen fish. 她敏锐的思想慢慢地剔开了错觉, 就象一把面包刀割开一块厚厚的冻鱼一样。 …(He) wanted it all with a horrible intensity, as the faun wants the nymph.他强烈得可怕地渴望着这一切,象牧神渴望林间的仙女一样。 The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。 需要增译 Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗话说，衣柜里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事家家都有。 Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back. 劝导对他好像水过鸭背似的不起作用。 Life is like a yo-yo. 生活是一个悠悠球,充满一连串的起伏不定。 需要改译 爱自己尊如菩萨,待他人秽如粪土。 She had as high an opinion of herself as if she were a goddess, and treated like dirt. 接着他们用绳子五花大绑,把节振德捆得象个粽子似的,又是一阵拳打脚踢。 They give him a good cuff and kick, trusses 捆绑him up like a fowl and then went on walloping and kick