(精选)New Antibiotics一教学课件.pptVIP

NEW ANTIBIOTICS Search for New Antibiotics Expansion of know drug classes to cover organisms resistant to earlier members of the class Reevaluation of unexplored (or under-explored) molecules Classical screening of synthetic compounds and natural compounds isolated from fermentation broths of microorganisms, plants or other organisms Identification of new agents active against different or unique targets within the pathogen (target-based) Cephalosporins“Variations on an Old Theme” Development of B-lactam antibiotics with an improved Gram-negative and Gram-positive spectrum and of novel inhibitors of B-lactamases Spectracef (approved August 2001) Maxipime (approved January 1996) Fluoroquinolones“Variations on an Old Theme” Development of new fluoroquinolones with improved activity in the Gram-positive range and a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile Tequin (approved December 1999) Avelox (approved December 1999) New Class on the Horizon Ketolides (actually a variation on an old theme) Ketolides Ketek (approvable letter from FDA in June 2001) Spectrum of activity similar to macrolides Increased acid stability (increased potency against macrolide resistant bacteria) Classical Approach Classical screening for inhibitory effect of synthetic and natural compounds or extracts in vitro cultures Synercid (IV) New Streptogamin class of antibiotics 2 drugs put together Synthetically manufactured Very difficult to induce resistance in bacteria No cross-resistance with known antiinfectives Approved September 1999