电机轴承故障诊断试验设计平台.docVIP

摘 要 滚动轴承是旋转机械中应用最为广泛的机械零件。轴承工作性能的好坏直接影响到与之相关联的轴以及安装在转轴上的齿轮乃至整台机器设备的性能。其缺陷通常使设备产生异常的振动和噪声，发展成故障就将造成设备损坏，甚至发生灾难性事故。本文从理论上分析总结了滚动轴承典型故障产生的机理，并建立了不同故障状态下的理论模型。为了精确诊断故障类型，本文首次提出应用小波包多层分解、重构提取滚动轴承各部件的故障特征频率和各层最低结点的能量特征。根据小波包分析的特点、性质最大分解尺度下的低频系数代表着信号的发展趋势，借此可以粗略判断滚动轴承的运行状况是否正常，并且该方法可以提取任意频段的特征频率，有效抑制噪声。为了定性的评价提取的特征向量能否很好的表征振动信号,利用傅立叶变换的方法对滚动轴承进行故障诊断，结合所提取的特征频率，即可对故障进行了准确定位。经对大量实测数据的处理和分析，诊断结果是令人满意的，这说明小波包分析确实为滚动轴承故障诊断提供了强有力的分析手段。 关键词：故障诊断；小波分析；滚动轴承；特征提取 Abstract Roller bearings are one of widely used mechanical parts in rotating machines. The performance of roller bearings directly affect the performance of axis、gear and whole equipment. The defectiveness of roller bearings can result in abnormal vibration and yawp of equipment, even serious damage to the equipment and procreant disaster. This thesis summarizes procreant cause of faults of roller bearings in theory, constructs models of vary fault states. In order to diagnose the fault type precisely, the fault character frequency of all parts of roller bearings and energy character of lowest crunodes are drawn through wavelet package multiplayer decompose and again compose. According to the prosperity of wavelet package analysis, low-frequency coefficient instead of signal growing tendency, we can approximately estimate the going state of roller bearing. We can also draw character frequency of every frequency segment, efficiently suppress noise. By way of qualitative estimate eigenvector whether or not good expression vibration signal, the fuzzy clustering methods are applied to detect and diagnose roller bearings. Together with the character frequency exacted, we can make certain the fault type. Through processing and analysis of many data, the diagnosis result is satisfactory. It shows that wavelet package analysis can supply a convincing analysis means for roller bearings fault diagnosis. Keyword: faults diagnosis; wavelet analysis; roller bearings; feature extraction 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 轴承诊断技术的背景及意义 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 1 1.3