高中英语写作选修课讲义1.doc

选修课：英语写作 （一） 英语写作小知识 By Mr.Zhu 一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。 文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。 Step I 作文常见的开头形式 作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种： 1.开门见山，揭示主题 文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头可以写成： I Spent my last vacation happily． Honesty(谈诚实)的开头可以写成： Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a liar，and is looked upon by honest people． 2.交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头 在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如A Trip to Qingcheng (去庆城旅游)的开头可以写成： The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Qingcheng. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful hills refreshed us. 3. 回忆性的开头 用回忆的方法来开头。例如A Trip to the Kongtong Mountain(泰山游)的开头是： I remember my first trip to the Kongtong Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4.概括性的开头 即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头： People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5.介绍环境式的开头 即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头可以写成: It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. 6.交待写作目的的开头 在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 Pollution Control (控制污染)的开头： In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. Step II 作文常见的结尾形式 1.如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 常用句式： 过渡短语： to sum up， in conclusion， in brief， on account of this， thus 更多句型： thus， it can be con