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Final exam for ANPR 613: selected topics in poultry breedingAnswer the following questions:,1. In the research papers we discussed, you have been introduced to some important gene mutations to poultry industry:a. What are the symbols and kind of actions of these genes?(Na, Inc d., F Inc. d, sc, re. dw, re.)b. What are the traits affected by these genes?( naked neck, featherless, frizzle, naked, dwarf)c. Describe the traits affected?2. The effect of some gene mutations on some broiler traits are presented In the attached tables: a. Interpret and discuss the informations presented in the attached table? b . Based on your discussion draw some conclusions?3.Define the following expressions: Feed efficiency, Ascite syndrome, Hypoxia, Hypercapnia, melanosomes, homeostasis.4. What are the reasons that make the effect of F allele is less effective in broilers compared to layers? (affect curls feather and reduces their size structure but not number but in layers frizzled feather tend to break and their number decrease as the birds get older ).5. Some studies reported that Na allele increases breast yield in broilers. What do you think the reasons?(apparently resulted from a higher rate of protein deposition and lower subcutaneous fat deposition)6. Homozygous naked neck birds are excluded in the papers we studied though they have less feather percentage and higher heat dissipation. What do you think the reason? (Poor hatchability due to higher embryonic mortality).7. What are the progeny ratio of similar genotype and phenotype produced by mating double-heterozygous parents for the naked neck and featherless genes ?NanaScsc X NanaScscPhenotypic ratio:3nanaSc- normal: 9Na-Sc-:N naked neck:4nanascsc + N- sc sc nakedGenotypic ratio:1NaNaScSc : 2 NaNaScsc : 2NanaScSc : 4NanaScsc : 2Nanascsc : 2nanaScsc: 1nanaScSc: 1NaNascsc : 1nanascsc8)What are the reasons leading to reduction in fertility under High At and natural mating?(reduced spermatogenesis, fewer sperm