Activity B17 Acid Rain：活动B17酸雨.docVIP

Activity B17: Acid Rain (pH Sensor) Concept DataStudio ScienceWorkshop (Mac) ScienceWorkshop (Win) Environment B17 Acid Rain.DS B17 Acid Rain B17_RAIN.SWS Equipment Needed Qty Chemicals and Consumables Qty pH Sensor (CI-6507) 1 Buffer solution: high pH 100 mL Base and support rod (ME-9355) 1 Buffer solution: low pH 100 mL Beaker, 250 mL 3 Sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, solid 5 g Beaker, 100 mL 4 Sodium hydrogen sulfite, NaHSO3, solid 5g Berol-type pipette, 15 cm stem 3 Sodium nitrite, NaNO2 , solid 5g Berol-type pipette, 2 cm stem 3 Water 12 mL Berol-type pipette with 1.0 M HCl 1 Water, distilled 1 L Clamp, buret (SE-9445) 1 Test tube, 20 by 150 mm 1 Wash bottle 1 Protective gear PS What Do You Think? The purpose of this activity is to “create” acid rain. What is acid rain and what causes it? How much will the pH of water be changed by different gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide? Take time to write answers to these questions in the Lab Report section. Background Water vapor in the air can combine with other gases found in the air. You may be surprised to learn that rain water is slightly acidic. One reason is that water vapor can combine with carbon dioxide gas to form carbonic acid. The natural pH value of rainwater is usually between 6.0 and 6.9. Rainfall accumulates in rivers and streams causing a slight acidification. Other gases found in the air can also combine with water vapor to form “acid rain”. For example, gases in automobile exhaust and other gases given off by combustion of fossil fuels can combine with water vapor to form sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, and nitric acid. You will produce four of the constituents of acid rain and monitor their effect on the pH of water samples. carbonic acid, H2CO3 nitrous acid, HNO2 nitric acid, HNO3 sulfurous acid, H2SO3 Carbonic acid is formed when carbon dioxide gas dissolves in rain droplets of unpolluted air: CO2(g) + H2O(l) ===== H2CO3(aq) Nitrous acid and nitric