communication第一章.pptVIP

Digital communication over fading channels The significance of means that developed for dealing with communications over fading channels The primary goal of this book The purpose of this chapter 1.1 system performance measures Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Outage Probability (中断概率) Average Bit Error Probability (BEP) Amount of Fading (AF) Average Outage Duration 1.1.1 Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ---probably this is the most common and well understood performance measures characteristic SNR is measured at the output of the receiver and is thus related to the data detection process itself. The term “noise” refers to the ever-present thermal noise, most often Gaussian White Noise. The term “average” refers to statistic averaging over the probability distribution of the fading. Mathematical terms Mathematical terms Moment generating function (MGF) Particular case: multi-channel the output SNR, , is expressed as a combination of the individual channel SNR s. Namely, where L denotes the number of channels combined. Mostly, the channels are independent of each other. Maximal-ratio combining (MRC) will be discussed in great detail in chapter 9. 1.1.2 Outage Probability (中断概率) denoted by defined as the probability that the instantaneous error probability exceeds a specified value or equivalently the probability that the output SNR falls bellow a certain specified threshold . which is the Cumulative distribution function (CDF) of , namely, , evaluated at . i.e. Furthermore, since Then the outage probability can be found from the inverse Laplace transform of the ratio evaluated at . 1.1.3 Average Bit Error Probability (BEP) It is the most difficult of the three performance criterion but is most revealing about the nature of the system behavior. The primary reason for the difficulty in evaluating