(食品营养与安全)Chapter7Vitamins.ppt

Vitamins: Vital Keys to Health Think about it How do you feel about taking vitamin supplements? From a well-lighted area, you step into a dark room. Over time, you see details. What’ s going on? Your grandmother is a strict vegetarian and she seldom goes outdoors. Do you think which vitamin she would be lack? Understanding Vitamins ※Vitamins: organic compounds that are vital to life and indispensable to body function, but are needed only in minute amounts; noncaloric essential nutrients Precursors, provitamins: compounds that can be converted into active vitamins/ vitamins in foods in an inactive form ※Fat-Soluble vs. Water-Soluble (P211) Fat-soluble: vitamins A, D, E, K Absorbed like fat, into lymphatic system Stored in larger quantities, build up to toxic concentrations (excess) Less vulnerable to cooking losses Water-soluble: 8 B-vitamins, vitamin C Absorbed into bloodstream Stored in small amounts; excrete in urine Vulnerable to cooking losses Vitamin A Forms retinol [视黄醇，维生素A], retinal[视网膜的，视网醛], retinoic acid = retinoids[类维生素A]; carotenoids[类胡萝卜素] Food sources Preformed vitamin A: liver, milk, egg yolks Beta-carotene: yellow/orange fruits and vegetables——carrot, pumpkin…… ※Roles of Vitamin A in Body Vision Light perception at the retina Maintenance of a healthy cornea Rhodopsin[视紫红质,视网膜紫质]=opsin [视蛋白] + retinal ※Roles of Vitamin A in Body Protein Synthesis and Cell Differentiation Maintains healthy cells in mucous membranes Reproduction and Growth retinol participates in sperm development vitamin A supports normal fetal development Vitamin A participates in dismantling of bone during growth Vitamin A Deficiency Infectious Diseases Measles in children in developing countries Night Blindness retina does not receive enough retinal to regenerate the visual pigments bleached by light Blindness (Xerophthalmia) lack of vitamin A in cornea; major cause of childhood blindness in the world Keratinization some cells secrete keratin[角蛋白]; Vitamin A Toxicity Children ar