(食品营养与安全)Chapter8Water and Minerals.ppt

Water and Minerals Think about it How often do you feel dehydrated? How much water does it usually take to quench your thirst? What’s your primary source of calcium? You know that a number of people in your family have had goiter. You also notice that none of these people like fish. Any relationship? Water: Crucial to Life ※Functions of water (P266) Carries nutrients throughout the body. Cleanses the blood of wastes. Serves as the solvent for minerals, vitamins, amino acid, glucose and other small molecules. Actively participates in many chemical reactions Serves as a shock absorber inside the eyes, spinal cord, joints, and amniotic sac surrounding a fetus in the womb. Aids in maintaining the body’s temperature. Electrolytes and Water The main positively charged ions (cations) are sodium and potassium The main negatively charged ions (anions) are chloride and phosphate Sodium--main cation in extracellular fluid Potassium--main cation in intracellular fluid Na-K pumps: maintain balance of Na and K; all cell membranes have; ※How much water is enough? If 2000 cals then fluid of 2,000 to 3,000 ml/day (2500 ml for an average) Metabolism provides 400-500 ml Mixed diet of food provides 1000 ml Need 1000 ml from fluid Need about four 8-oz glasses of fluid Water: Crucial to Life Water excretion lungs, skin, feces, urine low humidity, high temp, fever, high pro Na Water balance (P266) Dehydration: loss of water (P266) Water intoxication: body water content is too high ----rare condition (P266) Other factors affecting fluid balance alcohol, caffeine, diuretic medications Hard water: high calcium and magnesium concentrations Soft water: high sodium concentration Tap water Bottled water (consumer corner---P269) 健康科学饮水 最佳饮料是白开水：白开水最容易透过细胞膜，多饮白开水可促进新陈代谢，提高免疫力等作用，而饮用饮料等，会过多摄入糖类、添加剂等物质，影响正常代谢。 定时饮水：即主动饮水，当感到口渴是饮水，属被动饮水，久而久之对健康不利。 最佳饮水时间：清晨起床；每日三餐前30-60min；上午10点左右；下午3点左右，晚上8点左右及睡前30min。 锻炼前后、洗澡前后、睡觉前后需补充适量水分。运动后不以喝凉水，应喝温水或加少量盐的水，补充电解质的损失。 健康科学饮水 清晨饮用。一大清早起床后饮用一杯水，可直达肠道，并能清除