(食品营养与安全)Chapter16Genetically Modified Foods.ppt

Safety of GM foods 据专家分析，转基因食品在基因重组与改变过程中，可能产生某种毒性、过敏性，生成抗营养因子。引起营养成分改变，或者某种抗抗生素基因随食品转移到肠道，使抗生素对该机体从此失去疗效。 就目前而言，还没有发现转基因食品对人类有害，但同时也缺乏证据证明它的无害性，因此产生了一些争论。 Benefits of genetic engineering Enhanced plant growth Reduced pesticide, fertilizer use Enhanced nutrient composition Enhanced crop yields 迄今为止并没有发现转基因食品危害人体健康和环境的确切证据。 Risks of GM foods 食品安全性 环境安全性 Risks of GM foods In August 1998, British Rowett Research institute reported that rats eating GM potatoes, this was insect-resistant transgenic potatoes produced by snowdrop lectin. Damage to internal organs and immune systems, impede the growth of mice. This is the first GM food safety studies submitted. Genetically modified foods on the possible impact of human consumption The direct toxicity of exogenous gene The risk of antibiotic resistance The issue of potential allergic reactions The issue of potential toxicity Risks of GM foods Genetically modified foods may affect the ecological environment Herbicide resistant weeds—抵抗除草剂杂草 Loss of biodiversity—丧失生物多样性 Other normal plants Other plant can resist the herbicide Transgenic plants resistant gene Drift gene Evolved in nature Super weed grow Example: In 1995, genetically modified rapeseed in Canada out of control. After planting, the field have found many herbicide-resistant plants. It’s called “super weed”. It will inevitably affect the growth of other crops. GM crops “genetic pollution” “Genetic pollution” destroyed the biodiversity may lead to Extinction of individual species Affect the hidden dangers of biological diversity 到目前为止,在转基因植物安全上出现的问题主要在生态方面: 斑蝶事件（美国，转基因玉米花粉,食后造成44%黑脉金斑蝴蝶死亡） 加拿大 “ 超级杂草 ” 事件（Canola，抗除草剂基因） 墨西哥玉米事件（Bt基因，基因漂移,地方品种污染） Regulation FDA oversees GM foods Label requirements If food is significantly different If there are issues regarding use of the food If food has different nutritional properties If new food contains unexpected allergen (Changing) 非转基因产品的认证 Non-GM identity preservation certification （IP认证）是对企业为保持产品的特定