精品语法——直接引语和间接引语.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语 定义：直接引述别人的话叫做直接引语，有引号；用自己的话转述别人的话叫做间接引语，无引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。 John said, “I like reading adventure stories.” John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 一 各种句子构成间接引语 1 陈述句 陈述句变为间接引语时用连词that引导（that通常可以省略）。主句引述动词主要有say, tell, ask, repeat, explain, think, reply, whisper, announce, declare等。 “I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends. Sarah told her friends that she didn’t like the computers. 2 一般疑问句/选择疑问句 变为间接引语时，用陈述语序。主语人称、时态、状语改变。 一般疑问句变为间接引语时用连词whether/if引导。 主句谓语动词为said时，间接引语要变为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语me, him, us等。 He said, “Are you interested in English?” He asked me if I was interested in English. He asked me, “Do you like watching TV?” →He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV. 3 特殊疑问句 变为间接引语时，还用原来的特殊疑问词引导（注意陈述语序） My sister asked me, “How do you like the play?” →My sister asked me how I liked the play. 4 祈使句 改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request, suggest, insist, offer等。 He said，“Be seated, please.” —— He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. —— He told me to be careful with my handwriting. ?Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. —— The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. He said, “Lets have a rest.” —— He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.” —— He offered to help me. 5 感叹句 变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导 She said, “What a lovely day it is!”—— She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day. 二 间接引语中的一致问题 1 人称变化 He said to me, “I broke your CD player.” He told me that he had broken my CD player. 了解内容：1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等 He said，“I am very sorry.” ——He said that he was very sorry. “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.—— My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” —— She said to her son that