Structural determination of organic compounds：有机化合物的结构测定.ppt

34.5 Determination of Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula from Analytical Data (SB p.89) ∴ The empirical formula of the organic compound is CH2O. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Mass (g) 0.06 0.01 0.08 Number of moles (mol) Relative number of moles Simplest mole ratio 1 2 1 34.5 Determination of Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula from Analytical Data (SB p.89) Let the molecular formula of the compound be (CH2O)n. Relative molecular mass of (CH2O)n = 60.0 n × (12.0 + 1.0 × 2 + 16.0) = 60.0 n = 2 ∴ The molecular formula of the compound is C2H4O2. Back 34.6 Structural Information from Physical Properties (SB p.92) Why do branched-chain hydrocarbons have lower boiling points but higher melting points than the corresponding straight-chain isomers? Answer Branched-chain hydrocarbons have lower boiling points than the corresponding straight-chain isomers because the straight-chain isomers are being flattened in shape. They have greater surface area in contact with each other. Hence, molecules of the straight-chain isomer are held together by greater attractive forces. On the other hand, branched-chain hydrocarbons have higher melting points than the corresponding straight-chain isomers because branched-chain isomers are more spherical in shape and are packed more efficiently in solid state. Extra energy is required to break down the efficient packing in the process of melting. Back 34.6 Structural Information from Physical Properties (SB p.92) Why does the solubility of amines in water decrease in the order: 1o amines 2o amines 3o amines? Answer The solubility of primary and secondary amines is higher than that of tertiary amines because tertiary amines cannot form hydrogen bonds between water molecules. On the other hand, the solubility of primary amines is higher than that of secondary amines because primary amines form a greater number of hydrogen bonds with water molecules than secondary amines. Back 34.6 Structural Information from Physical Prop