语言与文化考前辅导讲义幻灯片.pptVIP

本课程讲述语言与文化的密切关系，介绍我国文化与英美文化的主要差异以及这些差异对汉、英语及其运用的影响，阐述中西方文化、风俗习惯和汉英语的语义特征并探讨文化差异产生的原因及对策。从微观角度到宏观角度对英美文化与中国文化进行的对比分析贯穿了该门课程。 学习方法 1、在透彻理解的基础上进行记忆 2、适时总结课文中出现的文化观念及反映同一观念的语言和非语言现象。 3、注意理论联系实际 4、宏观部分和微观部分相结合，把语言现象和独特的英语文化结合起来。 期末考试题型 单选题（ 10题 ---20%） 多选题 （5题---10%） 判断题 （10题---20%） 填空题（5题---15%） 译释题（5题---25%） 问答题 （1题---10%） 1.culture:文化.Culture is the unique style and custom, which a nation forms in the history of its own development. 2.communication:交际．Communication may be defined as that which happens whenever someone responds to the behavior or the residue of the behavior of another person. 3.one-way communication:单向交际．Communication without feedback is called one-way communication. 4. communicative competence 交际能力 The ability to behave appropriately and effectively by verbal and / or nonverbal means to achieve intended results at a given time, in a give place, in a given communication event, and towards a given person or persons. 5. tips: 小费 The word “tips” is the abbreviation of the phrase “ to insure prompt service” 6. vocalics: 副语言 Vocalics is also called paralanguage, it is the study of the nonverbal elements of the voice. 7. ethnocentrism:民族中心主义．Ethnocentrism is a kind of psychological trend, that is to interpret or to judge all other groups, their environments and their communication according to the categories and values of our own culture. 8. privacy: 免受不受欢迎的侵扰的自由，私事权 freedom from undesirable intrusions 9. church sale: Sale of things donated by followers of a religion in the church. 在教堂里廉价出售教徒捐赠的东西。 10. small talk: When two strangers are introduced to each other in the U.S. or U.K. , they usually start what is called small talk so as to make the communication can go on smoothly, that is to keep the ball rolling. 闲聊，小谈 11. cultural communication information 交际文化 Cultural communication information refers to the knowledge that is necessary for successful intercultural communication. 12.non-contact