宋明理学之太极本体论对传统医学的影响－以金元明为中心.pdfVIP

元 培 學 報 Journal of Yuanpei University of 第十一期 民國 93 年12月 Science and Technology 87 ～ 101頁 No. 11, December 2004 P. 87 ～ P. 101 宋明理學之太極本體論對傳統醫學的 影響 －以金元明為中心 The Influence of Song and Ming’s Tai-Chi Theory on Tradition Medical Science-Centered in Chin, Yuan and Ming Dynasty 周志川 Chih-Chuan Chou 元培科學技術學院國文組 Department of Chinese Literature, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology (Received November 30, 2004; Revised December 22, 2004; Accepted, December 27, 2004) 摘 要：我國的哲學思想，到了宋朝重新啟開新的局面。其各家學說實不亞於戰國的「百家 爭鳴」的時期。特別是從宋朝至明朝之間的理學的發展來看，「太極」無疑是代表宇宙最高 的本體，同時也是宇宙的全體。理學的形成，由周敦頤、邵雍開其端，張載、程顥、程頤予 以系統化，朱熹則集其大成，達於極峰。程、朱之後七百年間，理學不僅居於中國哲學思想 中心地位，同時還被政府定為官方之學。其影響之大，間接的影響了金元明醫學理論的發展。 除此之外，皇帝的喜好和促成及士大夫的提倡，大量的儒士從醫，大大地帶動理學與醫學的 交流，並將理學的太極陰陽之理，格物窮理等觀念融入至醫學理論中，無形中促進了儒、醫 兩家理論上的交流。其中表現較突出的有朱震亨、孫一奎、趙獻可、張介賓等人。本文試就 當時的哲學思想、金元明醫學的發展等方面，來探討宋明理學的太極本體論對金元明醫學的 影響。 關鍵詞：太極、陰陽、理、氣、命門 Abstract : The philosophy came to a new era in Song Dynasty, in which the various theories were as active as those in the Warring States Period. In the developing of Li theory, especially from Song 87 to Ming Dyansty, Tai-chi was the origin universe and represents the universe. Li was started by Zhou Dun-Yi, Shao Rong, and was systemized by Zhang Zai, Cheng Ti, Cheng Hao, and was developed to its highest by Chu-His.In the following sven hundred years, Li had been the center of Chinese philosophy and been appointed as official one, which also indirectly influenced the development of medical science in Chin, Yuan, and Ming Dynasty. The interflow of Li and medical science was supported by the