微生物致病及毒性的分子机制(英文教学)Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis and Virulence幻灯片课件.ppt

Figure: 10-17 Caption: Genetic map of the F (fertility) plasmid of Escherichia coli. The numbers on the interior show the size of the plasmid in kilobase pairs (the exact size is 99,159 bp). The region shown in dark green at the bottom of the map contains genes primarily responsible for the replication and segregation of the F plasmid in normally growing cells. The light green region, the tra region, contains the genes involved in conjugative transfer. The oriT sequence is the origin of transfer during conjugation. The arrow indicates the direction of transfer (the tra region would be transferred last). The regions shown in yellow on F are transposable elements where integration into identical elements on the bacterial chromosome can occur and lead to the formation of different Hfr strains (see Section 10.9). Conjugation Conjugation Cell to cell contact between a donor and a recipient cell in which genes are transferred. Conjugation process requires different proteins- one protein forms a bridge between the two cells (pili) and another is required for transfer of the gene. The genes are located on plasmids. Conjugation Understanding Plasmids 1. Physical nature of plasmids 2. Replication of plasmids 3. Cell to cell transfer of plasmids by conjugation 4. Types of plasmids their biological significance 5. Resistance Plasmids 6. Toxins other virulence characteristics 7. Bacteriocins Understanding Plasmids Plasmids are genetic elements replicate independently Plasmids do not have an extracellular form like a virus Thousands of types of plasmids are known; E. coli has over 300 different types 1. Physical nature of plasmids DS DNA Circular (but linear forms are also known) 1 - 1000 kb in size Supercoiled Plasmids can be eliminated - cured; F plasmid by acridine orange Episomes - plasmids that integrate into the host chromosome Isolation and purification possible Understanding Plasmids 2. Replication of plasmids Involves no